Amazon Web Services Randomized Network Graph (RNG) Data Center Architecture

completed and deployed

Amazon Web Services (AWS) has replaced the traditional fat-tree network architecture in its data centers with a new design called Randomized Network Graph (RNG). This architecture uses quasi-random graphs to create a flat network topology, allowing data to take multiple paths between points, improving efficiency and reducing costs. The design includes a custom routing protocol called Spraypoint and passive optical devices called ShuffleBoxes, which reduce power consumption. The RNG architecture is now the default for the majority of AWS workloads, resulting in cost savings between 9% and 45% and improved energy efficiency, including a 40% reduction in energy use and a 33% boost in data center efficiency.