Combustion of liquid ammonia, assisted by plasma discharges, as a novel and clean energy conversion method

ongoing

CAIPIRINH3A aims to overcome the technical barriers, hindering the uptake of ammonia as an alternative fuel, by developing and demonstrating an entirely novel technological concept: The Plasma Mist Ammonia (PlasMi-NH3) burner - a first of its kind, plasma-enabled, self-learning combustor, burning efficiently liquid ammonia with ultra-low NOx emissions. Leveraging detailed and accurate kinetic models, innovative injectors, non-equilibrium plasma systems for plasma assisted combustion and tailored combustion control strategies, CAIPIRINH3A will generate a truly vibrant and multiphase cocktail of chemical species which will activate multiple synergetic effects for enhanced combustion, in a smart framework. The targeted performance metrics are outstanding and go far beyond current paradigms: a) Thermal efficiency comparable to conventional diesel engines (~40%) b) Tier 4 NOx emissions (≤7.5 g/kWh). c) > 50% decrease in ignition delay and extension of the flammability limits by >20%. d) Near zero ammonia concentration in exhaust (<10 ppm). The technological feasibility and future potential of CAIPIRINH3A’s concept will be investigated through extensive testing at TRL4 and holistic impact assessment studies. Seamlessly integrated in a future clean ammonia economy and in line with strategic EU action plans (Fit for 55, Green Deal), CAIPIRINH3A holds promise for a sustainable future for our societies with vast environmental and socioeconomic impact in the power generation and all transportation sectors. During the project this promise will be fostered through targeted communication, and dissemination actions as well as the development of tailored business models for future exploitation. Hence, CAIPIRINH3A paves the way for a disruptive solution, which is eminent and urgent, towards the re-orientation of the energy conversion sector from fossil fuel-based to carbon free-based combustion systems and the ultimate goal of climate-neutral Europe by 2050.