Drivers of Ecosystem Collapse and RecoverY across the Permo-Triassic

ended

The Permo–Triassic mass extinction (PTME) was the most catastrophic extinction in the last 541 million years (Ma), with estimated losses of biodiversity as high as 90% of marine species and 75% of terrestrial vertebrates. There is now a robust temporal link between the PTME and Siberian Traps volcanism, which injected massive amounts of greenhouse gases and hydrothermal organohalogens into the atmosphere. This likely caused acute disruption of the stratospheric ozone balance, resulting in elevated harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV-B, 280–315 nm), but to date this possible key driver of the near-annihilation of life remains unquantified. A growing body of research demonstrates that UV-B absorbing compounds (UACs) contained within fossil pollen act as a reliable, independent proxy for changes in solar irradiance. In this project I will develop a cutting-edge interdisciplinary framework that integrates high-resolution palaeoecological, stratigraphic, and palaeobiological data with new biogeochemical signatures from Permo–Triassic pollen and spores. Through integration in the Ecological & Environmental Change Research Group at the University of Bergen, I will gain state-of-the-art skills in UV-photochemistry and vibrational spectroscopy of biological materials, positioning me as a leading researcher in the field of mass extinction research. This project will deliver a case study for proof-of-concept to address my key research objective: understanding the drivers of terrestrial ecosystem collapse across the PTME. As this ancient extinction is similar in many respects to current, anthropogenically-forced global changes, improving our understanding of ecological breakdown in the past is crucial to address a major societal challenge facing humanity today: accurately contextualising the rate and magnitude of modern species losses, in order to best direct conservation efforts and preserve essential ecosystem services.