India's National Policy on Geothermal Energy (2025)

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India's first-ever National Policy on Geothermal Energy (2025) proposes fiscal and financial measures to address high upfront costs and risks of geothermal exploration. The policy lays down a structured roadmap for exploration, permitting, and project development, aiming to integrate geothermal energy into India's renewable energy mix alongside solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy. It includes incentives such as concessional loans, viability gap funding, tax holidays, and duty exemptions to make geothermal projects viable. The policy also expands geothermal applications beyond electricity generation to district heating, cooling, greenhouse farming, aquaculture, cold storage, tourism, and ground source heat pumps. MNRE has sanctioned five geothermal pilot and resource assessment projects as early steps.