Multi-Messenger In Situ Tolerance Optimization of Mixed Perovskite Photovoltaics

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Colorado School of Mines will validate solutions to perovskite photovoltaic (PV) degradation mechanisms involving water and oxygen; electrical bias; light; and elevated temperature via in situ measurement of chemical reactions; volatile species; and electronic structure. Experiments will be performed on a new Environmental X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (EXPS) at CSM that has opened up complex new directions in science such as real time chemical information of interface reactions. State-of-the-art PV materials will be investigated including high efficiency mixed perovskites which will be provided by colleagues at NREL and Hunt Energy Enterprises, LLC. Correlations among variables will be identified using multivariate methods. Mixed water and gas interactions with MHPs will be probed directly using EXPS in order to elucidate their surface bonding, activation energies and chemical pathways.