Optimal DER Scheduling for Frequency Stability

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This Optimal DER Scheduling for Frequency Stability study will investigate how to optimally schedule distributed energy resources (DER) to provide low-cost frequency stability services within distribution network constraints and while respecting the motivations and primary functionality desired by DER owners (i.e. reduced cost, independence etc.)Key resultsThe study showed how system frequency response will change as renewable penetration increases without a replacement for the frequency response provided by synchronous generators i.e., more frequency changes, larger frequency extremes, longer settling times and increased oscillatory behaviourThe study also investigated the impact of adding large-scale batteries or equivalent amounts of aggregated distributed energy resources (DER), enabled for primary frequency control and demonstrated that it is possible to control system frequency to within tight limits.After establishing the capability and behaviour of frequency response from DER, the study finally considered how to provide this service to the market by developing a set of requirements for an efficient and pragmatic framework to integrate customers, aggregators, networks and the wholesale markets. As part of this, the study identified the need to aggregate DER at the market level but work with individual customers at the network level.

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