Research on Comparative Effectiveness and Implementation of HIV/AIDS and Alcohol Interventions (R01 - Clinical Trials Optional)

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HIV+ alcohol users remain at high risk for medication non-adherence and rapid disease progression, medication toxicities, organ failure, and poor viremic control, leading to increased risk of transmission and premature death. Recent advances in technology and biomedical science (e.g., new pharmacological agents, alcohol and inflammation biomarkers, internet and mobile technology) open new opportunities for strengthening the quality of HIV/alcohol-related implementation research through utilization of novel technology and biomarkers. This initiative seeks to advance knowledge on implementation and comparative effectiveness of alcohol-focused interventions among HIV+ individuals. Multiple factors need to be investigated, including potentially important patient and provider characteristics, and the organizational, financial, and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit the delivery of evidence-based services for HIV+ individuals with a range of severity of alcohol use problems. The overall goal is to inform clinical decision-making to implement effective interventions that will improve prevention, care, and outcomes across the continuum of HIV and alcohol problem severity and patterns of alcohol use. This solicitation is divided into two major topics. An application may choose to address one or both. These topics include: 1) comparative effectiveness research focused on understanding factors related to early detection, patient engagement and retention in appropriate alcohol and HIV care, and achieving and maintaining optimal treatment responses in diverse settings, and 2) modeling and testing alternative implementation approaches to improve uptake and scaling-up of effective interventions and reduce HIV disease transmission and progression.

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