Truth, Truthlikeness, and Trust: Shaping Reality in Ancient Near Eastern Societies

2026-07-22

"The TANES project, Truth, Truthlikeness, and Trust: Shaping Reality in Ancient Near Eastern Societies, investigates why formal truths were established and how misinformation was used in Old Babylonian (OB) documents (2003-1695 BCE). Through interdisciplinary approaches, it aims to redefine our understanding of truth construction in ancient societies, significantly impacting both Assyriology and broader studies of historical information dynamics. As Van McGhee notes, truth is essential for understanding group and individual behavior. In ancient societies, truth's socially constructed perception validated interpersonal bonds, with trustworthiness of information and its conveyors crucial for the stability of political, religious, and social groups. However, the authenticity of information often conflicted with its intended use. The project explores the concept of ""truthlikeness,"" introduced by Karl Popper, which allows for varying degrees of informational manipulation. This focus shifts from traditional truth (factual reality) to a strategic use of truth and misinformation that served specific social and political purposes in Mesopotamian society. OB documents, especially from the royal archives of Mari, show how truth was shaped to influence decisions and maintain social order, often relying on trust in supernatural validations rather than factual accuracy. The project analyzes a carefully selected corpus of political correspondence and legal documents to uncover the deliberate manipulation of truth and the role of trust. This examination includes rhetorical strategies, performative speech, and the construction of socially accepted truths within OB political and legal contexts. TANES seeks to break new ground by applying contemporary theories of truthlikeness and information manipulation, offering fresh insights into ancient societies' information dynamics and contributing significantly to both Assyriology and broader historical research."

Italy

2026-01-01